Knowledge base
What Is an EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)?
An EPD is a standardised document (ISO 14025, EN 15804) describing a product's environmental impacts across its life cycle. Learn how EPDs work.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?
LCA evaluates environmental impacts from raw material extraction to end of life. Learn how life cycle assessment supports sustainable product design.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is Sustainability Reporting and CSRD?
CSRD is the EU directive requiring companies to publish sustainability reports following ESRS standards. Learn who it applies to and when.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is VSME Reporting?
VSME is a voluntary sustainability reporting framework for SMEs developed by EFRAG. Learn how it helps small companies meet ESG data requests.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is the Circular Economy?
The circular economy keeps materials in use as long as possible while reducing resource consumption and waste. Learn about ISO 59000 standards.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is a Carbon Footprint?
A carbon footprint measures total greenhouse gas emissions from a product, service, or organisation. Learn about GHG Protocol and Scope 1-3.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is a Digital Product Passport?
A digital product passport consolidates sustainability and material data for the entire value chain. Learn about the EU ESPR regulation mandate.
Read article ExplainerWhat Is a Climate Resilience Assessment?
Climate proofing assesses project vulnerability to climate risks and plans adaptation measures. Required for EU-funded investment projects.
Read articleGlossary
A standardised document showing a product's life-cycle environmental impact (ISO 14025, EN 15804).
A methodology for assessing the environmental impact of a product or service across its whole life cycle (ISO 14040/14044).
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, which obliges companies to report sustainability impact under the ESRS standards.
A voluntary sustainability-reporting standard for SMEs (Commission Recommendation (EU) 2025/1710).
The total greenhouse-gas emissions associated with an activity, product or organisation, expressed as CO₂ equivalent.
An economic model that increases resource circularity and reduces the need for primary resources.
A digital data set on a product's sustainability and circularity, arising from the ESPR framework.